New Cosmology

Keywords: Dan Visser, New Cosmology, Physics, Design of a Darkfield, Art, future physics, darkfield below the quantummechanics, dark energy, dark matter, dark flow, Hubble-constant, Consciousness, black holes, Planck holes, quantum information, entanglement, energy, space, universe, light, relativity theory, mass, cosmology, Newton, Einstein, forces, Big Bang, frontline research, recalculation universe, twin tori, double torus.

  

 

 Figure 1 : The double torus universe, called the Twin-Tori cosmological Model (TTM). The image on the left shows the dark energy torus (flamed dark-red), which encloses and intertwines an inner "dark matter torus" (the white-part inside in the right picture). We live in the "dark matter torus" with visible matter. There we experience the universe. Although the Big Bang is conventionally observed as an expanding space, it is part of a new dynamic in the double torus.

(-note: all the colours used in these figures express an artificial visualisation-

 

Below a computer-drawing is shown.

 

 

  Observational evidence for the support of the "formula for dark energy force" and the "Twin-Tori cosmological Model".

In my handwritten note (below in figure 2) a few derivations are given to show that theoretical evidence is at hand for dark matter and visible matter having the same fingerprint for gravity, if the density of dark matter is 1/4 of its density (near by the centre of a galaxy). So, recently an astronomical discovery brought up new observations, however, without the theoretical point of view to place such observations in perspective of a new, still rather unknown model, like the Twin-Tori Model. The astronomical observation-results were published in the science-journal Nature 461, 627-628 (1 October 2009) | doi:10.1038/nature08437, to be received from the research-team on 28 April 2009 by Nature and accepted on 18 August 2009. My handwritten notes hopefully are additional. (for easier reading the document below, use CTRL + on your keyboard to enlarge your screenview).

 

 

Figure 2 : My handwritten evidence referring to an astronomical discovery in galaxies (published in Nature, Vol 641, pg 627-628) and suggests the theoretical and mathematical derived formula for dark energy force (Fde ) to be a physics-reliable formula. It also makes the Twin-Tori cosmological Model as a whole more reliable, because the dark energy force formula has become a part of a general equation in the Twin-Twin Model.

 

The lithium-7 problem.

There is a huge problem with the Big Bang. There is short of Lithium-7 with a factor 2.3 - 4.2 in the big bang universe. This is a serious anomaly. This anomaly can be solved by the evidence as given in the Nature-article (vol. 641), which supports in my view the Twin-Tori cosmological Model.

The solution can be find in the total number of nuclei, which are recalculated by dark energy and dark matter. Litium-7 has 3 protons and 4 neutrons, which can be described as a ratio of the total number of nuclei (7) and the number of protons (3) or neutrons (4). Such a ratio is 7 : 3 or 7 : 4. For both ratio's this is close to the ratio of dark energy / dark matter, which is 2 : 1. It is a misunderstanding that this ratio of dark energy and dark matter would be 3 : 1. In the original derivation of the "dark energy force formula" a basic ratio of 66 % dark energy and 33% dark matter is revealed, which means a ratio of 2 : 1. It might be just a moment in time that we observe nowadays  a ratio of 3 : 1, where dark energy is increased from 66% to 73% and dark matter is decreased from 33% to 23%). This is just the ratio 3 : 1 we observe. Appearently dark energy is used to transform dark matter into visible matter. This effect comes close to the implication, that the densityof litium-7 follows the same results as are applied to the afore mentioned galaxies-observations, presented by the Nature-article (vol. 641), which is: "When the density of dark matter (for a specific length) is decreased to 1/4 of its density, than the gravity of dark- and visible matter becomes equal". Applying this to the density of litium-7 (observed as visible matter) an equality to the density of dark matter for 1/4 of its density occurs in very specific circumstances. So, in most of the observation Lithium-7 will be udetectable for 3/4, because dark matter is hard to detect (yet) ! The anomaly of Lithium-7, or so to say, "the missing link in the amount of Lithium-7" matches the Twin-Tori Model for the universe !

But why is this principle not applicable to the amounts of hydrogen ? The answer is: A different ratio of total nuclei and protons (or neutrons). Hydrogen has one proton and zero neutrons, which means a ratio total nuclei and protons (or neutrons) of 1 : 1 or 1 : 0. So, hydrogen is not effected by the ration of dark energy / dark matter (2 : 1).

For helium, however, the same story as for Lithium-7 is applicable: The helium ratio of total nucei protons  (or neutrons) is 4 : 2. So, helium contributes also for a 1/4 of its amount to the universe . This makes the ratio between hydrogen and helium in the universe 3 : 1, or 75% hydrogen and 25 % helium.

The litium-7 problem is thus solved by the knowledge of the "formula for dark energy force" and its derivation, and mathes the "follow-up derivation" as mentioned in figure 2.

 I am convinced that both observational evidences (equal fingerprint for dark matter and visible matter for 1/4 of dark matter density and the lithium-evidence) is predicted by my "dark energy force formula" and its "extended derivation".

Publications.

Since September 1 2009 Christopher Forbes (and colleague) and myself (Dan Visser), have registrated the TWIN-TORI MODEL as a new cosmological model for the UNIVERSE in the viXra-archive.

• On April 04 2004: I discovered the "dark energy force formula (Fde)" and published it on my website.
• On April 27 2007: I submitted the "dark energy force formula" to the European Physics Journal. The editors neglegted it.
• September 18 2005: I published a quantum-torus on my website to explain that it is possible to live in a recalculation domain of time. However, this might be more than one or two time-dimensions. I knew intuitivily that dark energy had to be involved.
• December 24 2007 : I introduced the quantum-torus with in the centre a dark energy globe. I published an illustration on my website.
• December 14 2008: I introduced a "time-torus", which is a torus with three time-dimensions; it is a torus of dark matter in which the "empty centre" of the torus contained a dark energy-sphere. This sphere was the extended function for time in three dimensions.
• Then Christopher Forbes and colleague, discovered my "dark energy force formula" on my website and used it for a transformation to a double-torus universe. They unfolded the "empty centre" into a second larger torus. This became the dark energy torus with the dark matter as an inner-torus!!
• March 29 2009: My website was marked as a reference in the Wikipedia in relationship with the  mathematical quantum-torus description.
• September 1 2009: The "Twin-Tori cosmological Model was published as the first 'paper' about a new model for the universe in the viXra-archive (by C.F. and colleague and myself)
• November 27 2009: I described in a handwritten note of a new ratio of "dark-impuls-flow" and a 'relativistic impuls',which was based on my "dark energy force formula (Fde)".
• November 29 2009: I submited the "handwritten note" in an email to the Scientific American journal, referring to an astronomical discovery in galaxies, where dark energy and visible energy were involved. This galaxy-research was a publication in Nature, Vol 641, pg 627-628). I could prove that for a 1/4 of the density of dark matter (near the centre of a galaxy) an equality had to exist with visible matter, independent of the history of the galaxy; the evidence made the mathematical "dark energy force formula" physics-reliable and gave evidence to the reliability of the "Twin-Tori cosmological Model". However, Scientific American came with a very late reaction. They said, they had a "limited amount of submissions (?)" to publish.
• January 18 2010 I published the handwritten note of the ratio of "dark - and visible matter" as evidence on my own website.
• January 2 2010: I republished an old derivation of 1999, which I called my "subquantum-manifest" on my website. This showed that "information in the universe must always be available again, even after having been disappeared in black holes. I think this an extention of the "unitarity-principle", which says that "information can never be lost"). Since the developement of the Twin-Tori cosmological Model this "subquantum-manifest" shows that information returns from below the conventional quantummechanics to be used for the recalculation of spacetime.
• April 14 2010: I published a handwritten derivation to show that the term of Einstein's energy-tensor from his field equations, could be connected to the amount of dark energy of the Twin-Tori Model. The result was that an "extreme time-speed" should be possible in the double torus universe.

In an analysis of the dimensions of Y in the Twin-Tori Model (Y is the amount of dark energy) the Big Bang is a "deceptive apperance" - - the website-button, "Twin-Tori reveals", shows in sheets the derivations as handwritten notes to prove it. Also "extra spins for h" (the elementary spin, or called the Planckconstant) are showed. These extra spins reveal the existence of 3D-time as defined in the time-torus, a pre-model for the Twin-Tori Model.

My individual cosmological research (theoretical) started after the word dark energy was launched in 1999 and after an accelerated space-expansion was dicovered in 1998. I thought just as a "(+) charged object" pushes away all the other "(+) charged objects", and leaving behind a "(-) charged field" around the "(+) charged object", that such would also be possible with mass. So, a mass-object sould push away mass, leaving behind a "(-) m". However, a "(-) mass" may not exist in conventional physics. But a (-) energy field could exist. I compared this to black holes. A large black hole evaporates very slow. However, a Planck hole evaporates in a flash !! Such a fast evaporation of mass  must also leave behind a (-) energy field. Also from an other point of view, General Relativity learns a timeflow stops at the event-horizon (seen from a distance) and thus had to be captured in a large black hole. So, I thought the "(-) energy field" could be time, although not time in one, but in three dimension.

Then I started to write my derivations in my thought-experiment. In my thought-experiment I scaled away two differently sized black holes. I took a small and large black hole, in order to obtain an equal amount of evaporation-radiation at the same time for an observer (in this case on earth, but could also be any observer in the universe). The evaporation-radiation is named after Stephen Hawking, the Hawking-radiation, which is formulated by him and related to S=1/4A; Here S is the entropy and (A) is the amount of Planck-surfaces. The point is: The scaling-away suggests an expansion, so it would be the force which could power the (accelerated) expansion of the Big Bang. So, my formula had a (-) sign. It is dark energy, which is used in cosmology as a general assumption for the accelerated expansion. However, a dark energy formula for the force was not available. The result of the thought-experiment was: A dark energy force formula in April 4 2004. Then 6 days later I published it on my website (the derivations are given under the web-button "Force for Dark Energy"). However, then, on September 1 2009, the Twin-Tori-model was published, which showed the dark energy is connected to dark matter by the dark energy force by a general equation. 

I think the origin of entropy must be statistical, which means that "information" also remains "statistical" on smaller scales than the quantum-level. It can not exceed the A/4. 

• All the Higgsbosons from the Standard Model of Particles and Forces are predicted by the new twin-tori model, however, with upgraded masses (12.097 - 13.8674 TeV/c^2). This is surprisingly new and is not following from the Standard Model. It can be tested immediately with the LHC at Cern, which is ‘in the air’ again since November 20 2009.
• Then the predicted ‘strings’, as a replacement for pointparticles of the Standard Model: Indeed, also ‘strings’ will follow from the new Twin-Tori Model. However, surprisingly and sad at the same time, ‘strings’ will only be disturbances of quantumgravity, but will also not react with any other particles. ‘Strings’ even will not produce supersymetric particles, only the predicted dark matter particles, the ‘dilaton’ en ‘axion’ from the superstringtheory, follow from the Twin-Tori Model. On the other hand, ‘strings’ do correspond with an anti-de Sitter-CFT model, but whether this is enough to save the 'superstringtheory' from doubts to be the real quantumgravitytheory, is confirmed positive by the Twin-Tori Model. The superstringtheory, which already waits more than 30 years for real evidence, will more than ever be pushed away to the backround of the theoretical mathematics. My prediction is, that Cern will not find evidence for the ‘superstringtheory’.
• On the contrary, the Twin-Tori Model is not only testable on the Higgsbosons in the CERN-lab, but also astronomically. Small, very far away located, dwarf galaxies, are predicted to show a variation in their ratio of luminance /mass, something which is not predicted by the Big Bang.
• Also a new kind of stars are predicted (population 3 stars), which exist of lithium for 6.5-7 procent, with a high concentration of metal. Furthermore the Hubbleconstant will follow more precisely from the new framework. This could contain important implications for the Big Bang model.
• Also the cosmological constant will follow from this new framework. Even the formation of the solar-system will be explained in a more realistic way than in the Big Bang. The Big Bang gives a false description for this formation. More ‘papers’ will be published on these subjects.

"Fast Time-speed" in the Twin-Tori Model.

"Fast time-speed", explained in this chapter, is a personal analysis in addition. I asked myself what would happen if I compared the term of the energy-tensor of Einstein's field equations with the amount of dark energy of the Twin-Tori Model. I made handwritten notes (figures 3 and 4). My conclusion is that a "new timespeed" exist in the double torus universe. This is a different speed from relativistic speed in the big bang. It is a Twin-Tori "time-speed", which is at least 10.000.000 times faster than light in vacuum. Judge for yourself in the next derivations and also read the handwritten text after the images (for easier reading you can enlarge the document by CTRL +):

Figure 3 : Handwritten notes of Dan Visser, Almere, The Netherlands, in which is shown that there is a relationship between the energy-tensor of Einstein's field equations and the amount of dark energy in the Twin-Tori Model.

 Figure 4 : Dan's conclusion is that a different time-speed exist in the Twin-Tori Model, a speed which is faster than light in vacuum. His calculated estimation is 10.000.000 times faster. The cause is the three dimensional time existence in this double torus universe.

Figure 5: The quantum-torus, presented as a "time-torus", is a pre-cosmological model for the Twin-Tori cosmological model. Note: the torus-loop-rotation (t3) is "mistaken". Its direction has to be alongside the inner part of the torus parallel to (t2). In derivations, made afterwards, is shown that an "inner- and an outer-rotation" of the inner dark matter torus differ in timespeed. These three time-dimensions would be responsable for the "deceptive appearance" of the big bang. I analysed this in the web-button Twin-Tori Model".

Arguments why the Big Bang is not representative anymore:

In a conservative view on the Big Bang dark matter is considered to be part of the forming of galaxies, while dark energy is assumed for explaning the accelerated expansion of the universe. This also involves the beginning of the Big Bang (a beginning in one point). However, in some other theories, the beginning starts as a pre-Big Bang, because the beginning started from an "area" and not one point. Then there must have been a pre-period. So, where was the beginning? For this conservative model the keyword is: inflation (very fast expansion). Nevertheless the Big Bang is not so certain anymore after these findings. Not at all after analysis of the 'time-torus' and 'twin-tori model' in relationship with dark energy and dark matter. Moreover, several anomalies are part opf the big bang. Still there is a huge anomaly of "time" in the Big Bang, because it has one time-clock (as a reaction on entropy, which is the chaotical distribution of energy), while the quantummecanics has time in two directions. This is strange. This is a paradox, because both models are part of the same reality and exist in the same universe. Furthermore, an increasing amount of arguments are available, such as:

1. The lithiumproblem of the Big Bang theory is really a problem for the Big Bang Nucleosynthese (BBN). There is a short of lithium-7 with a factor 2.4 to 4.3 following from observational data. Tese calculations are considered to be a part of the Big Bang, three minutes after the "timestart" of the big bang (reference: arXiv:0808.2818v1(astro-ph). But (new) theoretical findings, related to the "dark energy force formula", show that Lithium-7 could be invisible, caused by the interwining of dark energy and dark matter in a specific ratio to visible matter (see the explanation in the start of this webpage). This implies the Litium-7 problem to be solved within the Twin-Tori Model. 

2. The "one-way timeflow of the universe" (which is given by entropy) powers the expansion of the Big Bang. This is not matching the 'two-way time-flow' of quantum-mechanics. Both are part of the same universe. So, there is something wrong in the way "TIME" is understood. The "pre-model" of the Twin-Tori cosmological Model solves this problem by the introduction of a "three dimensional time, expressed as dark energy, in the time-torus". 

3. The Hubble-constant (a value for speed of space-expansion) is not really constant for spacetime: It changes after the universe has been expanded. Hence, the expansion-speed might have a different origin.

4. Conventional conclusions of an accelerated space-expanding universe is based on type Ia-supernovae, which does not seem to be stable standard light-candles after all ---- In the February 18 2010 issue of Nature, Gilfanov and Bogdán report that they found just a fraction of the x-rays expected from white dwarfs accreting matter from their neighbors. How white dwarfs ignite as "standard candles" to measure the accelerated space-expansion has become unsure by that lack of sufficient x-rays. So now circumstances were discoverded in white dwarfs, which contribute only for 5% to the Ia-supernovae (Scientific American is part of Nature Publishing) ->  (see also arXiv.org > astro-ph > arXiv:1003.2217) --. This means the conclusion of an accelerated expansion by means of dark energy might not be quite correct, or might be part of an different process, which pleads for a new framework for dark energy and dark matter. Such a framework could be the Twin-Tori cosmological Model.

5. Galaxies might not be equally distributed in the universe. However, the Einstein-equations are simplified in order to calculate the distribution of these galaxies in a flat space. However, there is no other way, because otherwise the calculations would be too complicated. Despite this approach the fact remains that the energy distribution in the universe is unclear. This implies that dark energy and dark matter are energies not suiteable to be implemented in the Big Bang-theory.

6. Statistical mathematics, named priciple component analysis (pca) shows dark matter was not really needed for the attraction of energy to create galaxies in the beginning of the Big Bang. The pca is a mathematical technique to reveal important factors from a huge amount of data. The pca statistical method showed a "cigar-shape of galaxies", which was already basicaly and statistically present. So, dark matter could also have had an other function in the developement of galaxies. This function could be a "time-function" in correlation with "dark energy. This is descibed in the pre-model for the Twin-Tori Model, called the "time-torus (3D time)". The anti-gravitational property of dark energy then could enable to give the "stability in time" to galaxies, instead of extra gravitaty by dark matter.

7. A "darkflow in clusters of galaxies" has been discovered and suggested a universe larger than the Big Bang. However, a different shape for such a larger universe is continuously being discarded by conventional astronomics and astro-physics. The Twin-Tori Model introduces this different shape.

8. Some cosmologists say that the Big Bang is not homogenous. That we live in a void, which shows us an accelerated expansion in a local part of the universe, suggesting that it would be a matter of different speeds in several voids. In their opinion the dark energy, which is accepted as the energy to power the accelerated expansion, becomes an illusion ! However, it would be more clear to understand dark energy and dark matter must have an other function in a different shape for the universe. This shape could be the Twin-Tori cosmological Model, because in this model dark energy and dark matter are interchangeable and intertwining.

Soul Navigation.

My new cosmological research reveals extra spins of dark energy and dark matter affecting on the elementary spin h (called the Planck constant). This introduces an other perception of "time" and "consciousness". Both become part of a "recalculation process". This "recalculation" uses the "subquantum-information", which I called "i-formation".

"I-formation" enables a new kind of navigation. This so called "soulnavigation" is occuring in a "deeper time-domain" of "extra time-dimensions". This process is independent of lightspeed and is being made experiencial by Nydia de Keyzer for several years. Her website can visited by  www.soulnavigator.com .

The new Twin-Tori cosmological Model confirms the "new way of perception". Although the Twin-Tori model still uses space in three dimensions (3x) and one time dimension (1t) to anchor with the conventional Standard Physics, also making review possible in a better way. However, it also introduces a new duality, called "K-duality". This enables to imagine our reality as a (3t, 2x) configuration. This means in other words: "we walk through an "informational world controled by three time-dimensions", which recalculates the events "continuously". In this world "space is of secundary order".

Dark energy and Dark matter are fundamental in a new cosmology.

Figure 6: This picture is given free for the public domain use (see STCcl permission page Hubble-website).  

I show the reader some interesting clips about the dynamics of a normal torus (in the YouTube weblinks below): 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEWa1spDnME&hl=nl
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yJ5EvV0K70&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcMCou6CrK4 

Dan Visser is an ingE, independent cosmologist and art-designer and lives in Almere, The Netherlands. My full name is Daniel Cornelis Marinus Visser (born in 1947). This website is used to publish my frontline theoretical cosmology on the internet. I have liberated myself from a science-elite who can only accept progress by using their own methods within the borders of their institutions. My backround is in science, advise, management and technical projects in several organisations. In 1977 I graduated as an engineer in electronics. I studied cosmology as an autodidact from books, the internet and scienc-articles. My goal is to discover new approaches in cosmology and physics and be critical to the conservative thinking about cosmology. From my younger years till now, I am also Art-painter, in order to understand and express a cosmology in movement. Behind my website-publications the support of my wife, Nydia M. de Keyzer, is of psychological importance.

Nydia M. de Keyzer and Dan Visser, married on July 22 2008.

This website is hosted by webspacedesign. The content of this website is written by Dan Visser. The content considers Dan's articles, painting-images, illustrations and references. In case it concerns the Twin-Tori cosmological Model the information is also related to Christopher Forbes, because of a co-operation of developement. All rights are only reserved concerning the original findings of DanVisser. This website is updated regularly. For questions and publications, read the button "juridical terms" and contact email: dan.visser@planet.nl